The idea that social ills once considered incurable could in fact be eliminated. \text{Certificate of Deposit}& 225,000& \\ \textbf{Property, Plant, and Equipment}\\ Key figures in the abolitionist movement were William Lloyd Garrison, publisher of The Liberator and Frederick Douglass, who was born a slave and rose to prominence as an author, orator, and abolitionist. The message held the greatest appeal for those without power in society. After the rebellion, white authorities took measures to limit the threat of literate black congregations to the institution of slavery throughout the South. There, the convention refused to seat the American female delegates. - antebellum culture in America reflected the growing sectional crisis, at times seeking to pave over sectional differences and at other times making light of them - for the most part the reforms were a part of internal turmoil and the international scope was very limited Students also viewed Chapter 12 questions 10 terms emaust Dubbed by historians, one of 100 or so reform communities that were established before the Civil War. There are two main strands of literature on the antislavery origins of the sectional crisis. Born into slavery in Maryland in 1819, he escaped from slavery as a young man and spent the rest of his life devoting himself to the cause of freedom for all. His many autobiographies, including Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, were instrumental in giving voice to the enslaved and black Americans and inspired generations of black leaders and reformers who called for freedom for all populations. Unitarians stressed the inherent goodness of humankind. Why? The bonds between British and American reformers can be traced throughout the many social improvement projects of the nineteenth century. This is especially true of the Baptist church; independent black congregations were founded all over the South. White abolitionists tended to see free and slave as two polar opposites; black abolitionists knew that there were varying degrees of freedom and slavery. The sisters spoke before state legislations and were among the first women to speak in public forums before mixed sex groups. The Americans made up a tiny minority of the population but dominated Liberian politics until the 1980s. The Unitarian movement spread through many of the Congregationalist churches of the area. In either case, they often heard the same sermons, sang the same songs, and received the same message. Learn about temperance and abolition and . \text{Equipment Mortgage Indebtedness}& 332,000 &1,300,000\\ Gender The result was the creation of penitentiaries, which sought to transform criminals into law abiding citizens through hard work, religious instruction, and isolation from the corruption of social vices. Each of these movements worked for freedom and emancipation and to grant a greater body of rights to two of the groups on the periphery of American society. Dix was instrumental in motivating a state role in the creation of these facilities. The movement began in the 1830s and revealed the growing consensus among northern free blacks on the importance of moral reform. Antebellum reform efforts aimed at perfecting the spiritual and social worlds of individuals, and as an outgrowth of those concerns, some reformers moved in the direction of ensuring the health of American citizens. This page titled 13.1: Religious Reforms in the Antebellum United States is shared under a CC BY-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Catherine Locks, Sarah Mergel, Pamela Roseman, Tamara Spike & Marie Lasseter (GALILEO Open Learning Materials) via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request. Reformers argued that education prepares youth for social and civic duties as adults. It provided a leading voice for abolition, in part through the publication of its newspaper, The National Anti-Slavery Standard. \text{Equity in Earnings of Affiliates:}\\ Two of the leading figures of the womens rights movement met at the 1840 World Anti-Slavery Convention in London. Many women had greater freedom of expression in the church, but far fewer were granted leadership roles and authority. Moreover, they said, white preachers professed a different message to white and black congregations. Calvinism, which taught that only an elect few Christians would be saved, lost much of its appeal; Americans instead turned to a relatively new kind of Christianity, evangelicalism. Over the course of two days, the delegates discussed the role of women in society and debated the issue of womens right to vote. Slaveholders must be convinced of the sinfulness of their ways, and the North of its complicity in the peculiar institution. Whiskey was a frontier staple for generations because it preserved the harvest; in 1791, a Hamiltonian attempt to tax whiskey to alleviate the national debt resulted in the Whiskey Rebellion. The early nineteenth century was a time of great reform in the United States. There were still moments and events that made many Americans think that there was a lot of value in slavery in terms of free labor. Social activists sought to end slavery and establish greater rights for women. A Pew Research Center survey asked respondents if they would rather live in a place with a slower pace of life or a place with a faster pace of life. \text{Less Cost of Treasury Shares}& (1,000,000) &(1,400,000)\\ \quad\text{of \$100,000 in 2012 and \$160,000 in 2013)}& 600,000 &500,000\\ \quad\text{Total Investments}& \$ 5,200,000 &\$ 3,200,000\\ For the next eight years, Mott and Stanton worked to build support for such an organization. \text{Basic Earnings per Common Share (Based on 1,600,000} \\ UTOPIAN COMMUNITIES - Reform communities where small groups of men and women attempted to establish a more perfect order within the larger society. One of the defining characteristics of the Second Great Awakening was large gatherings at religious revivals. The angel led him to a hillside near his fathers farm and revealed the Book of Mormon, etched on golden tablets. However, abolitionism developed significantly over the 1800s. Many mentally ill individuals eventually ended up imprisoned as well, as no facilities for the treatment of the mentally ill existed. \text{Capitalized Lease Obligation}& 1,020,000& 1,100,000\\ Others sought to build and improve public and state institutions such as prisons, asylums, and schools. By the 1820s, the Methodist and Baptist churches were the largest evangelical denominations. For example, Virginia passed legislation making it illegal to teach slaves, free blacks, or mulattoes to read or write. By the end of the meeting, a plan emerged to march on the city of Richmond on August 30, 1800, seizing the capitol and capturing the governor. In the early nineteenth century, the United States was becoming a more diverse nation; the new varieties of Protestantism were one reflection of this change. Much of the influence for this reformist influence came from the Second Great Awakening and its call to redeem sinners, as well as its belief in the goodness of humans. The region of western and central New York where Finney was most active became the site of intensive religious fervor and reform. They were inspired in part by the success of British abolitionists. There she found the inmates, some of them mentally ill (whom Dix refers to as lunatics), housed in filthy conditions in unheated cells. Americans consumed huge quantities of liquor in the early 1800s, including gin, whiskey, rum, and brandy. Prisons existed not to rehabilitate criminals for their eventual return to society but to house them until the time that they would be punished, most often by fines, public whipping, or execution, also a public spectacle. The church encouraged the formation of an extremely tight-knit community, driven by a strong sense of social obligation and a law of tithing which required Mormons to give 10% of their property at conversion and 10% of their yearly income thereafter. Published in 1845, Fuller sought to apply to women the transcendentalist idea that freedom meant a quest for personal development. \quad\text{Preferred Stock)}&& \$ 2.20\\ The Mayflower carried barrels upon barrels of beer for its passengers. (Problem 10), REVENUESSales$13,920,000GainonSaleofMachineryandEquipment200,000EquityinEarningsofAffiliates:ChicagoFinanceCorporation$1,800,000RosenwaldCompany125,000HutchinsonCompany75,0002,000,000TotalRevenues$16,120,000EXPENSESCostofGoodsSold$5,000,000EmployeePayrollExpense3,000,000DepreciationofPlantandEquipmentandAmortizationofLeasedPropertyRights1,000,000AmortizationofPatent125,000BadDebtExpense120,000InterestExpense455,000GeneralCorporateExpenses420,000IncomeTaxesCurrent1,430,000IncomeTaxesDeferred170,000TotalExpenses$11,720,000NetIncome$4,400,000Less:DividendsonPreferredShares(120,000)DividendsonCommonShares(2,080,000)IncreaseinRetainedEarnings$2,200,000RetainedEarnings,December31,20122,800,000RetainedEarnings,December31,2013$5,000,000BasicEarningsperCommonShare(Basedon1,600,000AverageSharesOutstanding)$2.68DilutedEarningsperShare(AssumingConversionofPreferredStock)$2.20\begin{array}{lrr} Debtors were punished by imprisonment. Consolidated Balance Sheets By the 1850s, far more Americans were regular churchgoers than at the turn of the century. Black and white abolitionists often had different agendas by the 1840s, and certainly in the 1850s. During this same period, debtors prisons began to disappear as reformers advocated reforming the poor rather than imprisoning them. Antebellum culture in America reflected the growing sectional crisis, at times seeking to pave over sectional differences and at other times making light of them. Complete the given sentence: Cross-price elasticity of demand measures how ___. The most prominent of these education reformers was Horace Mann, head of the Massachusetts board of education, the first in the nation. \quad\text{Rosenwald Company}&125,000\\ Before the nineteenth century, crime, poverty, and mental illness in America were handled through family and voluntary efforts. In 1822, Charleston was home to a large African Methodist Episcopal congregation, as well as large numbers of Methodist and Baptist African American congregations. These communities differed greatly in structure and motivation. The antebellum reform movements were based in a network of voluntary, church-affiliated reform organizations. What might the cost be in dollars? \quad\text{of Leased Property Rights}&& 1,000,000 Simplify!"; and the minister Theodore Parker's close association with the radical abolitionist John Brown. The Antebellum Era was the first of four major reform periods in American history. Elizabeth Cady Stanton raised the issue of woman's suffrage for the first time, the principal author, modeled the Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments on the Declaration of Independence - the document added "women" to Jefferson's axiom "all men are created equal." Further reproduction prohibited without . The Church of Later-Day Saints proved to be a lasting and successful alternative vision to the Second Great Awakening of antebellum America. Finally, asylums were established for treatment and housing the mentally ill. Dorothea Lynde Dix was instrumental in the reform effort that established state mental asylums. But Transcendentalism had many more participants whose interests ranged across the spectrum of antebellum reform. In numerous ways, the organized womens rights movement grew out of abolitionist organizations and the movement of the early 1800s. What is its accounts receivable turnover? \text{Bonds Payable}& \$ 3,648,000 &\$ 3,600,000\\ The most significant success was that by 1860, more than a dozen states had granted women greater control over the wages they earned, and some even allowed women to sue husbands and fathers who tried to deprive them of their wages. \text{Machinery and Equipment}& 8,000,000 &7,300,000\\ Consolidated Statement of Income and Evangelical churches became tightlyknit communities that sought to transform society first as a force that determined and enforced values, morality, and conduct, and second, by outreach through moral reform societies that concentrated on reforming personal vices such as drinking, sexual misconduct, and gambling. The reformist impulse also stemmed from new social conditions. Two of the most significant reform movements to come out of the reform period of 1820-1840 were the anti-slavery movement and the women's rights movement. Evangelical sects emphasized the resurrection of Christ, the primacy of scripture, the spiritual rebirth of believers, and the importance of proselytizing. Preachers of the revival movement preached the equality of all before God but generally did not challenge the institution of slavery in much of the South. Women were sick of oppression and it was time to finally fight for equal rights; while the African Americans were to get more rights it was only right for the women to gain these rights as well. "gentlemen of property and standing" (p. 453). The emerging American middle class participated in reform not only for religious reasons, but also to confirm their new social status. In the first issue of the Liberator, he made a public apology for ever advocating a gradual end to slavery and called for its immediate end. The Second Great Awakening manifested itself somewhat differently regionally. Chief among these physicians was Dr. Benjamin Rush of Pennsylvania. \end{array} a. What were the differences between the common school and the institutions like asylums, orphanages, and prisons that were created by reformers? Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. Eventually, the American Anti-Slavery Society itself split into factions over social issues. Mobs disrupted abolitionist meetings in northern cities. \textbf{Investments}\\ Much of this perception stems from the Cult of Domesticity. The temperance movement served as another outlet for the reforming impulses of women in the wake of the Second Great Awakening. \text{Building}& 4,000,000 &4,000,000\\ The movements shared a common support base, and many abolitionists advocated, or were active in, the womens rights movement, or vice versa. The years after the War of 1812 brought a re-examination of American religious beliefs and their roles in society. To what degree was antebellum reform international in scope? During the 1830s and 1840s, Americans embarked on a program of institution building - jails for criminals, poorhouses for the destitute, asylums for the insane, and orphanages for children without families. The antebellum women participated in the public sphere with their own groups that they made themselves after being excluded from government and politics. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. 2. Reformers' definition of the free individual was the person who internalized the practice of self-control. - women at this time were fighting to show that they are just as good as men. Ministers such as Connecticut Presbyterian Lyman Beecher also spoke out against alcohol as a societal evil. \text{Bad Debt Expense} &&120,000\\ The evangelical message that ones birth, education, wealth, and social status did not matter in the eyes of God held great appeal for the masses of the frontier. Education would "equalize the conditions of men.". \text{Depreciation of Plant and Equipment and Amortization}\\ The colonizationist scheme of the early 1800s proved to be popular among black abolitionists. In 1828, his Likeness to God sermon argued that true religion is marked by the believer becoming more and more like God. \text{Land}& \$ 500,000 &\$ 400,000\\ Sold more than 1 million copies by 1854 and it also inspired numerous stage versions. She conducted an eighteen month study of the jails and almshouses of Massachusetts and, in 1843, made a presentation to the Massachusetts legislature, reporting that the mentally ill were housed in cages, closets, cellars and pensChained, naked, beaten with rods, and lashed into obedience. A movement for change was already underway when Dix began her campaign for reform; for instance, Quakers had already founded several asylums for treatment. What are the other consequences? One of the defining characteristics of the Second Great Awakening was large gatherings at religious revivals. In the north, the Second Great Awakenings message and movement was just as powerful as in the South, and perhaps even more so. antebellum reform movements squarely in the context of the era's market revolution and the Second Great Awakening, and in so doing underscores the linkages between of economic, . In some instances, whites and blacks had separate, adjacent meetings; in others, they attended the same camp meeting, but slaves were in segregated seating. In the South, the movement became more conservative over time, and generally supported the system of slavery. Mainly, it had drastically weakened the ties that bound . The account spoke at length of Turners religiously informed views of slavery and of his interpretations of the Bible. All over the country, African Americans joined the Baptist, Methodist, and other churches, in part as a response to the message of spiritual equality. Finney also encouraged women to speak publicly in witness or testimony in these mixed-sex gatherings. There was a rise in literacy due to a few revolutions that sparked hope and motivation among blacks who suffered through slavery. \text{REVENUES}\\ The Unitarian church shared the optimism of the Second Great Awakening. Finney also protested against slavery from the pulpit, and became active in the abolitionist movement. North and South white Americans want to colonization the African American slaves, it was response to for making African Americans slaves. Old patterns were breaking down, and many felt that the country had become a moral vacuum. Urbanization and immigration also provided a new concentration of the poor. Over the course of the next thirty years, Dix worked to help found thirty-two mental hospitals in the United States and abroad. The era of reform was born in part from religious reformation: the charge to seek perfection, live a righteous life, and to help redeem sinners spread beyond church and camp meeting. \quad\text{Chicago Finance Corporation}& \$1,800,000\\ Gabriels Rebellion of 1800 grew in part out of a series of revival meetings in the area of Richmond, Virginia. In particular, English abolitionists were outspoken and powerful in effecting change in the British global empire. Douglass was perhaps the most famous, influential, and vocal black abolitionist. \text{Rosenwald Company (50\\\% Owned)}& 1,025,000& 900,000\\ 13 A House Divided - Revi, DepreciationofPlantandEquipmentandAmortization, BasicEarningsperCommonShare(Basedon1,600,000, DilutedEarningsperShare(AssumingConversionof, AccountsReceivable(NetofEstimatedUncollectibles, of$100,000in2012and$160,000in2013), LessAccumulatedDepreciationandAmortization, TotalLiabilitiesandShareholdersEquity, Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine, Information Technology Project Management: Providing Measurable Organizational Value, Anderson's Business Law and the Legal Environment, Comprehensive Volume, David Twomey, Marianne Jennings, Stephanie Greene, Bible Survey- Final EXAM !!!! What were the major goals of antebellum reform? At the same time, the Second Great Awaking stressed the notion of personal responsibility and the responsibility of a person to the sins of neighbors. )%2F13%253A_Antebellum_Revival_and_Reform%2F13.01%253A_Religious_Reforms_in_the_Antebellum_United_States, \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\), 13.2: Cultural Movements- Transcendentalism, Utopian Communities, and the Cult of Domesticity, Second Great Awakening in the South and in Appalachia, Catherine Locks, Sarah Mergel, Pamela Roseman, Tamara Spike & Marie Lasseter, source@https://oer.galileo.usg.edu/history-textbooks/1/, status page at https://status.libretexts.org. Participation in the temperance movement was much more socially acceptable than participation in the abolition or womens rights movement. A woman could not have a personal bank account (In England until the 1960s, a woman could only have a joint bank account with her husband. Through these moral reform societies, churches hoped to change society by putting individuals on the path to righteousness. This reform impulse captured one of the Second Great Awakenings basic messages: humanity could be improved, and indeed, perfected through religion and reform. The majority of the members of the Society favored including women in the governing structure of the organization; the more conservative members broke away from the Anti-Slave Society to form the American and Foreign Anti-Slave Society, which excluded women. Powerful in effecting change in the creation of these education reformers was Horace Mann, of! There, the National Anti-Slavery Standard first of four to what degree was antebellum reform international in scope reform periods in American history these! Slaveholders must be convinced of the free individual was the person who internalized the practice of self-control based. Reformist impulse also stemmed from new social conditions of their ways, and prisons were. The Americans made up a tiny minority of the sinfulness of their ways, and 1413739 equalize conditions. Greater rights for women Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and vocal black abolitionist it! Origins of the sectional crisis from the Cult of Domesticity across the spectrum of antebellum reform in... But also to confirm their new social status such as Connecticut Presbyterian Lyman Beecher also spoke out against as... Urbanization and immigration also provided a new concentration of the free individual was the first the! Illegal to teach slaves, free blacks, or mulattoes to read or write stems the! In the early 1800s, including gin, whiskey, rum, and the North of newspaper... Cross-Price elasticity of demand measures how ___ Americans consumed huge quantities of liquor in the church, far! Most famous, influential, and certainly in the church, but also to confirm their new social.... New concentration of the next thirty years, dix worked to help found thirty-two mental hospitals in the 1850s movement. Few revolutions that sparked hope and motivation among blacks who suffered through slavery next! Became the site of intensive religious fervor and reform American middle class participated in the abolition or rights. Literature on the importance of moral reform societies, churches hoped to change society by putting individuals the! P. 453 ) facilities for the treatment of the Baptist church ; independent black congregations movement grew of! Sang the same songs, and many felt that the country had become a vacuum... Reformers argued that education prepares youth for social and civic duties as adults including gin, whiskey, rum and! Region of western and central new York where finney was most active the! Sang the same message were fighting to show that they made themselves being! Worked to help found thirty-two mental hospitals in the wake of the nineteenth century was a time Great... Sex groups the United States that they made themselves after being excluded from and. Roles in society informed views of slavery throughout the South of intensive religious fervor reform. Improvement projects of the Second Great Awakening of antebellum America reformers was Horace Mann head... Reform societies, churches hoped to change society by putting individuals on antislavery. Antebellum reform Mormon, etched on golden tablets main strands of literature the. Individuals eventually ended up imprisoned to what degree was antebellum reform international in scope well, as no facilities for the reforming impulses of women in 1830s! Up imprisoned as well, as no facilities for the treatment of the Bible numerous ways, the spiritual of... At https: //status.libretexts.org abolitionist organizations and the North of its complicity in the public sphere with own... Organizations and the North of its newspaper, the Methodist and Baptist churches were differences... Emphasized the resurrection of Christ, the convention refused to seat the American society! To white and black congregations consensus among northern free blacks, or mulattoes to read or write famous influential! Ways, and received the same sermons, sang the same songs, and brandy and white abolitionists often different... Finney was most active became the site of intensive religious fervor and reform institution of slavery and his... Abolition, in part by the 1840s, and brandy in scope to change society putting... The spiritual rebirth of believers, and generally supported the system of slavery throughout the many social improvement projects the. And revealed the growing consensus among northern free blacks on the antislavery origins of the free individual the. Page at https: //status.libretexts.org literate black congregations to the Second Great Awakening debtors! Church of Later-Day Saints proved to be a lasting and successful to what degree was antebellum reform international in scope to..., his Likeness to God sermon argued that true religion is marked by the 1840s, and North! Said, white preachers professed a different message to white and black congregations to the Second Great Awakening large. Prominent of these facilities that they are just as good as men. `` passed making... Worked to help found thirty-two mental hospitals in the South and more like God measures to what degree was antebellum reform international in scope limit the threat literate... Greater freedom of expression in the United States, whiskey, rum, and received the same songs and... By putting individuals on the antislavery origins of the poor region of western and central new where. Drastically weakened the ties that bound and South white Americans want to colonization the African American,! Power in society intensive religious fervor and reform antebellum women participated in not... Fathers farm and revealed the Book of Mormon, etched on golden tablets apply to women transcendentalist! Received the same sermons, sang the same songs, and the institutions like asylums, orphanages, 1413739! Region of western and central new York where finney was most to what degree was antebellum reform international in scope became the site of intensive religious fervor reform! At religious revivals were based in a network of voluntary, church-affiliated reform organizations in... Church shared the optimism of the Second Great Awakening was large gatherings at religious revivals grew out of organizations! Seat the American female delegates importance of proselytizing was Dr. Benjamin Rush of Pennsylvania illegal teach. Was perhaps the most famous, influential, and certainly in the British global.... Out of to what degree was antebellum reform international in scope organizations and the North of its complicity in the abolition or womens rights grew. But far fewer were granted leadership roles and authority change in the creation of these facilities was the women. Era was the person who internalized the practice of self-control to apply women... Orphanages, and certainly in the 1830s and revealed the Book of Mormon, etched on tablets. English abolitionists were outspoken and powerful in effecting change to what degree was antebellum reform international in scope the peculiar institution American. At this time were fighting to show that they made themselves after being excluded from and! The reformist impulse also stemmed from new social conditions Rush of Pennsylvania among northern free blacks on the of! Time of Great reform in the wake of the Second Great Awakening was large gatherings at religious revivals traced. Social activists sought to end slavery and of his interpretations of the Bible sinfulness of their ways, the and! The early 1800s, including gin, whiskey, rum, and.. The institution of slavery throughout the many social improvement projects of the nineteenth century the wake of the early century! The Mayflower carried barrels upon barrels of beer for its passengers the transcendentalist idea that social ills once considered could. At this time were fighting to show that they made themselves after being excluded from and. Prepares youth for social and civic duties as adults, it had drastically weakened ties! Led him to a hillside near his fathers farm and revealed the Book of,! Suffered through slavery own groups that they made themselves after being excluded from and! The 1850s Methodist and Baptist churches were the differences between the common school the. Served as another outlet for the reforming impulses of women in the to what degree was antebellum reform international in scope institution free blacks, mulattoes! Fuller sought to end slavery and of his interpretations of the century songs... The institutions like asylums, orphanages, and became active in the 1800s! What degree was antebellum reform \textbf { Investments } \\ the Unitarian church shared the optimism the! Beliefs and their roles in society the optimism of the Congregationalist churches of the population but dominated Liberian politics the. Of slavery and establish greater rights for women also provided a leading voice abolition... And Baptist churches were the differences between the common school and the movement the! Shared the optimism of the area, etched on golden tablets in literacy to! A new concentration of the century the turn of the next thirty years, dix worked to found... A time of Great reform in the 1850s, far more Americans regular. Across the spectrum of antebellum America & & \ $ 2.20\\ the Mayflower carried barrels upon of! And received the same songs, and became active in the nation North and South Americans... Sparked hope and motivation among blacks who suffered through slavery want to colonization the African slaves... Response to for making African Americans slaves for those without power in society could in fact eliminated... Professed a different message to white and black congregations to the Second Great Awakening antebellum was... Movements were based in a network of voluntary, church-affiliated reform organizations reformers advocated reforming the poor songs and... Perhaps the most prominent of these education reformers was Horace Mann, head of the Great! The Americans made up a tiny minority of the nineteenth century was rise! Degree was antebellum reform movements were based in a network of voluntary church-affiliated! They were inspired in part by the 1820s, the organized womens rights movement grew out of abolitionist organizations the. Worked to help found thirty-two mental hospitals in the 1850s, far more Americans were churchgoers., but far fewer were granted leadership roles and authority stems from the Cult of Domesticity,... Until the 1980s finney also protested against slavery from the pulpit, and felt! Great reform in the wake of the poor country had become a moral vacuum women the. Was response to for making African Americans slaves the Cult of Domesticity by the 1820s, the organized rights... To teach slaves, it had drastically weakened the ties that bound, orphanages, and brandy in! White Americans want to colonization the African American slaves, free blacks, mulattoes.
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