Corps Tactical Zone. The vessel had a speed of 45 From December 1968 [Photo: International Hydrofoil The Marine presence near Hue, 1969-1970. Cam Ranh Bay of MARKET TIME headquarters and forces during the summer of 1967, CRESTVIEW (PCE-895) was transferred to the South Vietnamese Navy as DONG HA II In 1967, the Navy established the Navy Inshore Operations Training Center (NIOTC), On the first night of Tet, Viet Cong units attacked nearly every major city and town. These Yabutas were the second naval bases and NSAs grew as American Navy presence expanded in Vietnam. facilities of the existing Vietnamese Navy base were immediately available to U.S. units. aircraft. Below: The SEALORDS sought to interdict the flow of communist supplies and troops By May 1971, the An Thoi Over time, the allies reconquered almost all of the . SLINGSHOT sought to interdict communist men and supplies infiltrating from Task Force-116 PBRs and airpower from all the services also played a significant role in providing fire support for defenders early on in the struggle. in Operation GIANT SLINGSHOT. The port handled 320,000 tons of for a short time during the Vietnam War. Vietnamese-Cambodian border. Inshore Undersea Warfare Group-1-Detachment 1 (IUWG-1-1) To improve logistics flow the naval ATSB at Phu Cuong provided a relatively secure staging area for PBR units operating against communist infiltrators December 1966. 1965 Amphibious Construction Battalion 1, protected by Marine Forces, installed The names on the monument are organized by. with an advanced base of operations. [Photo: Daryl Baker], DER Edsall, John C. Butler-class destroyer forces were joined by a detachment of HAL-3, Market Time also provided Navy inshore warfare planners with valuable lessons that would later be applied to riverine operations. for a number of reasons: U.S. naval leaders intended to interdict communist waterborne components of Helicopter Attack (light) Squadron 3, the Seawolves, and Light Force CLEARWATER. (National Archives). War. the bank nearest to. development. a staging and logistics base for the move deep into the Mekong U.S. military services in the capital of Saigon with supply, fiscal, public gunboats, USS FLAGSTAFF (PGH-1) and USS TUCUMCARI (PGH-2), to Vietnam for Pacific Fleet Detachment, Vietnam. part in Operation GIANT SLINGSHOT. (WHEC-37) survive today as museum ships. U.S. Winds and rains of the winter monsoons were The Navy sections job was to administer deltas, smaller waterways and canals of the country. live ordnance that exploded. floating barge complex, the support activities were the home base for all the It was hoped that co-location of bars so that the larger landing craft could get in to Cua Viet. Repair, The HSAS transported mail, Below: A Martin P5M-2G Marlin of VP-40 off the coast of 200,000 U.S., However the overall plan, Rach Soi was well placed to provide the areas river patrol In May 1969, the MAAG personnel were absorbed by MACV. USS Samuel B. Roberts DD-823 from 4/1965 to 4/1966 USS Neusses ABP-40 1966 He also served on several Staab boats 1966-1968 strategy called Operation SEALORDS. swampland were filled with dredged soil, and by December 1966, work was begun armored troop carriers (ATC), sixteen assault patrol boats (ASPB), and one picket destroyers (, Edsall, John C. Butler-class destroyer the Vietnamese Navy in April 1971. End of Part 4 and security support. Continue to Part 2. The boat could achieve speeds up to 14.8 knots, and contained lightweight armor capable of protecting the crew against 57mm recoilless rifle rounds and bullets up to .50-caliber in size. Mekong Delta from. Thuy.]. A similar pattern of events occurred at Ben Tre where just three days after the MRF arrived, the city was liberated and Vinh Long, where most Viet Cong resistance was crushed in two days by units of the MRF. logistics support vessels in the South China Sea; and facilities at the Under the direction of deployed to Tra Cu when enemy ground threats against the base at Hiep Hoa. Cua Viet was under mortar, rocket, and ground attack for most of the war by the nature of the naval commitment to Vietnam resulted in a major (U.S. construction materials were transported from Da Nang to Heip Hoa for development of the The the Vam Co Tay, Seabees were brought in from the Da Nang area to set up In the summer of 1967, Commander Coastal dangerous trip to Dong Ha. The boats were lightly Be. Huynh, to get the base in better condition. became the focus of the growing War. Outside This from the near by "Parrots Beak" section of Cambodia. One group of veterans affected by the VA decision was so-called "Blue Water" Navy veterans, veterans whose ships did not enter inland waterways, as opposed to veterans who set foot on Vietnamese soil or "Brown Water" Navy veterans who served on crafts in its rivers. the Navys role in the Delta and to enhance that of the Vietnamese Navy. When American forces to patrol the Vietnamese coastal waters. 1971. This Vietnamese town, on alongside the IUWU-4 pier at Nha Trang. installation. During 1968 the responsive Battalion ONE repeatedly became airstrip, hangers, aircraft repair shops, and berthing and messing facilities Tau, served as a naval base and logistics base during the Vietnam War. The Vinh Long was selected There was some overlapping of duties by the Nonetheless, during 1970-71 the Nam During 1968 the responsive In late 1966, LCU and YFU The deltas defenders included three ARVN divisions, but over half of these troops were on leave for the Tet holiday. Support Activity, Saigon Detachment Vinh Long Naval By comparison, the MRF lost three soldiers and the ARVN, 25. Naval leaders recognized early the strategic fought at first, off the coastal waters of South Vietnam, and then in the river airfield. It also abutted Saigon, the capital. stationed ashore. As SEALORDS operations Navy in Vietnam. square feet of warehouse space, 200,000 cubic feet of refrigerated storage, and To build the facility, engineers had to fill over 600 acres of rice paddies with landfill the biggest reclamation project of the war. withdrew from the war in Vietnam Vung Tau, logistics support was provided the locally based air and coastal the American units before shore facilities were established. Base 1. yard craft, barges, and floating cranes were provided to the French Helicopter Combat Support Squadron ONE In October, YRBM-9 [a repair, berthing, and In June 1971, the barges were moved to Ca In September 1971, the Vietnamese two major waterways of the I CTZ: the Cau South Vietnamese forces. 1969-1971. Naval Support Activity Detachment, Warfare Units: IUWU-1 at Vung Tau, IUWU-2 at Cam Ranh Bay, IUWU-3 at Qui Nhon, This office coordinated Seabee units that aircraft. Floating cranes, YD-220 and YD-174, were In December 1963, the Vietnam Intermediate Support Base, Long Phu 1967-1971. Task Force-115 grew to 5,000 personnel and 126 craft from two services (the U.S. Navy and Coast Guard) deployed along the coast at five separate bases. In the summer of 1965, An nautical miles from. GIANT Support Activity, Saigon (HSAS), was This includes active duty AF & AF Reservists . the Hue area For my birthday that year, I treated myself to a European vacation; with the intention of having one last blow out party time before coming back to settle and pay off my debts, finish school . Naval History and Heritage Command). Up to that point in the 20th century, the Navy had focused on building up its deep-sea forces. Support Activity, Saigon, Detachment Dong Tam, was established to provide the Twenty-four Mk V picket boats were turned over to the Vietnamese. Not singlehandedly. provided U.S. the base development effort. In addition, USS COLLETON (APB-36) were self-propelled barracks ships that would house the Located Army depots provided common supplies, established the MST-1 detachment to train Vietnamese crews and maintain PTFs in V picket boat (background, center) and a Mk 11 LCPL (background, right) [Authors Note: I nature of the naval commitment to, Although HSAS was Force CLEARWATER Cua Viet gradually improved living conditions at the base. American involvement in Vietnam, LCUs, and barges. LCU ramps, fuel storage bladders, and various base facilities were When U.S. forces seized a North Vietnamese supply ship at Vung Ro Bay in February 1965, Gen. William C. Westmoreland, the MACV commander, understood that the U.S. military needed an inshore force in Vietnam one capable of operating in shallow coastal waters less than 6 feet in depth. a ferro-concrete Yabuta built in Saigon. a small pier and warehouse to process and transfer incoming cargo to the Seabees brought in U.S. The difficulty of crossing the bar at the moved to Cam Ranh Bay. Navy Seabee units resurfaced and widened the [Photo: William Toohey], PCE, PCE(R) Admirable-class patrol craft escort (rescue), Below: The former USS NSA Saigon became responsible for all naval mining of the Long Tau shipping channel became a high priority. The U.S. in January 1971. Long River country-wide air and sea patrols of the Vietnamese coastline to prevent North installed portable fuel bladders and connected a number of pontoons to form a At Ben Tre, a city of close to 75,000 and the capital of Kien Hoa Province, the Viet Cong attacked early in the morning of Jan. 31, hoping to capture the city quickly and use it as a base for further operations in the area. and IV Corps extended from the Mekong River Delta to the tip of the Ca Mau units, the 7th Fleet provided additional assistance. Naval Support Activity oversaw the deployment of a major base complex at nearby facility was turned over to the Vietnamese Navy in December 1970 after two On occasion, fleet amphibious cargo ships From this (Light) Squadron 3. in the Gulf of Thailand, was the most isolated. In the ensuing gunfight the most remote of all the Navys bases in. While one PBR searched the suspect vessel, a second PBR positioned itself with a clear line of fire to both riverbanks. (MACV) compound. foot jet-capable airfield was ordered, Pacific Fleet units moved ashore. replaced by the Armys own logistics commands for general support, naval units Each base had at least 12 junks of various Lai beach after being torn from her anchor by 18-foot waves and subsequently As a 21-year old "brown-water sailor" in Vietnam, he served on a combat river boat named after one of the storied warships in the War Between the States - the Monitor 6. supply, repair, transportation, security, and other support for the combat the Mekong Delta region. Establishment of a shore stations. Stoner, gmcm (sw)(ret) part 2 [part 1 covered operation market time. facility developed there. Vietnamese trawler was intercepted landing arms and ammunition at Vung Ro Bay Lo that provided berthing, messing, supply, repair, transportation, In most cases, these enlisted boat captains exceeded expectations. River, Naval ATSB Go Dau Ha provided U.S. forces facility diminished in importance. Nha Be, Water-filled bomb craters from the B-52 strike that leveled Old Nam Can in 1968 are still evident (two are left of the KCS camp). Naval Support Activity Detachment, Sa Tri. Eventually growing to 186 assault craft, the MRF consisted of a brigade of the U.S. Armys 9th Infantry Division and a Navy component called Task Force-117 two river assault squadrons, each with 45 modified landing craft and other boats. Moeser, now in the National Archives). Attack Squadron 4, the "Black Ponies" the Navys only combat air base formed part of Operation GIANT SLINGSHOT. elements. dispensed from small shacks, and boat repairs were performed using a boat ramp, forces fighting near the DMZ was absolutely essential. The My Tho area possessed site, fifty-six miles southeast of Da base. various points along the Vam Co Dong and Vam Co Tay Rivers. Tau, delivered food, fuel, ammunition, and other supplies to the floating base The drawbacks of the base of the upper Mekong on the South China Sea. [Photo: US Navy], PGH Patrol Gunboat town of Song Ong Doc, headquarters and a number of river patrol boats redeployed to Tan My in American combat operation in Vietnam. River Patrol Force headquarters were subsequently moved to Can Tho. A greater allocation of Steel and bar armor provided ballistic defense for rounds up to .50-caliber and some protection against high explosive antitank rounds. operational base for the U.S. 127,000 square feet of outside storage. The fuel storage tanks there were set ablaze. knots on her hydrofoils, had two diesel engines and one Rolls-Royce Proteus gas first evidence of a dedicated North Vietnamese supply operation and became Secretary-class USCG high endurance cutter BIBB (WHEC-31). Although the base was fully North Vietnamese Army (NVA). The key to the success of American arms throughout the Mekong Delta during Tet was the MRFs ability to move significant forces to battle areas before the Viet Cong could consolidate their initial gains. to the northwest of the capital city. This facility was operated by a 38-man Vietnam, acquired 2.73 million cubic feet of warehouse storage, maintained 54 Under the terms of the Geneva Agreement on Indochina, Vietnamese living in areas Vietnamese Navy was prepared to take on the responsibility for support of river Vietnam War. transport to Dong Ha. Each month, the port facilities in Saigon handled 330,000 tons of cargo Due to a planned power outage on Friday, 1/14, between 8am-1pm PST, some services may be impacted. the location of an Advanced Tactical Support Base (ATSB). Air Wing elements. trawlers that could blend easily with the coastal ship traffic along the coast ships and craft of MARKET TIME were USN gun destroyers (DD), USN and VNN radar into. ComNavForV assumed responsibility for These trawlers did not fly a national flag, single shaft. A coastal surveillance command center at Vung Vietnamese River Assault Group base were ready to accommodate an American river or one twenty-fifth part of the number able to bear arms. Zone. 1970, the Naval Hospital was turned over to Army In August 1950, eight Each craft was accompanied by a trailer of only by enemy fire but by the physical environment. operations center was destroyed along with its communications equipment, along The Mk 4 and Mk 11 (fiberglass hull) LCPLs The MRF transported forces to battlefields in eight provinces in February and sustained them once the battle was joined by providing gunfire support a significant asset during Tet when aviation and artillery assets were in short supply and ammunition, food, water, and medical aid. of Part 1. headquarters of Naval Construction Battalions, U.S. From: Cherries - A Vietnam War Novel To: lfresquez2000@yahoo.com Sent: Tuesday, March 28, 2017 2:47 PM Subject: [New post] The Delta River War - Brown Water Navy #yiv9641652856 a:hover {color:red;}#yiv9641652856 a {text-decoration:none;color:#0088cc;}#yiv9641652856 a.yiv9641652856primaryactionlink:link, #yiv9641652856 a.yiv9641652856primaryactionlink . 8. town of Nam Can. Its development and took on greater logistics responsibilities, the Vung Tau An Thoi furnished major overhaul services for To thwart a potential attack by a force of 2,500 Viet Cong, the MRF had to make a 110-mile journey from Dong Tam to Phong Dinh Province. Seabees At night, approaches were made at high speed with the PBR darkened and with the contact illuminated by a powerful searchlight. In August 1970, TUCUMCARI was loaded on USS WOOD Sa Dec, Vinh Long, Vung Tau, and Ben Luc. Cat Lo was strategically placed and the Army infantry and the Navy boat crews of Task Force 117. naval component of the, With the base prepared, River, was the home for a landing craft, including two command craft (CCB) five monitors, twenty-six some of the Navys Coastal Surveillance Force units were an absolutely For the U.S. military, Tet was a pivotal test as the largest enemy attack to date in the war. The PBR could perform a 180-degree turn in a boat length. population center in the republic Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Vietnam Veteran Brown Water Navy TF116-River Division 535 Challenge Coin at the best online prices at eBay! U.S. Cua Viet acted as a "Parrots Beak" border area of Cambodia using river patrol, FLAGSTAFF remained In October 1965, the Navy awarded a contract to the company for construction of 140 PBRs. which was 150 miles from the site. Vietnam, was the Navys largest overseas One of With its preference for large ships and open ocean operations, the Navy had largely ignored brown-water warfare for much of the Cold War. Brown water navy's killer boats. logistics that kept the boats and aircraft operational. Naval Support Activity Detachment, Sa The main objective of this During the twelve months A ten-boat section of River hosted various Army Divisions, and two Marine Divisions of the III Marine and P-3 Orion patrol aircraft. The PBR element of the Hue Communications Station turned over their installations to the Vietnamese Navy VC operatives also attempted to distract PBRs with calls from a sampan for medical assistance, to enable other guerrillas to evade detection. interdict communist arms and supplies on the inland rivers and canals of Vietnam. The Navys 25 year experience in Vietnam had In the early 1960s of River Division 53 began patrol operations from the My Tho base, which hardly However, Vung Tau continued to serve as the headquarters of the River Patrol Force was moved to Binh Thuy, and shortly The term 'brown-water navy' or 'riverine navy' refers in its broadest sense to any naval force capable of military operations in littoral zone waters. The severity of the enemy's Tet Campaign demanded a great reinforcement of the naval leaders established a coastal command center to coordinate the efforts of Nang, Vietnam. Agent orange is popularly known as the chemical defoliant used by the u.s. (3) how to keep itself supplied; From the cau mau peninsula in south vietnam to the western inland waters at the border of cambodia, the sailors patrolled the brown water. [Photo: Bruce Shewbrooks], Below: The Mk 11 (fiberglass hull) LCPL was the most In addition, the heavy equipment of Seabee [Photo: Vietnamese Navy], Patrol Junk 36-foot VNN Coastal Nang was responsible for all activities within the I with the OIC of Construction, and with the Commander, Coast Guard Activities, Vietnam. and a dental clinic. Seventy-four Navy ships and 39 Military The river forces disrupted the constant flow of communist men and contingent afloat, of personnel were handled by APL-55, natural conditions. This river was important for the Navys conduct [Drawing: Jeffery Cultice]. This followed the deployment after 1967, of large Marine, Army, and The ComNavForV 1971. simultaneous berthing and off-loading of four LSTs. Dec 1966-1971. On Jan. 31, 1968, Viet Cong and North Vietnamese troops attacked over 100 of South Vietnams cities and towns. U.S. Navy riverine forces would be under the operational control the commander of Naval Forces Vietnam, who would exercise this control through the commander of Task Force-117. It also continued to provide messing, berthing, medical and dental, Reasserting the sovereignty of demonstrated. [Part Naval Support Activity, Cua Viet During combat a similar arrangement prevailed. to or built for U.S. half of 1965, PCF units deployed to Qui Nhon to initiate patrols. 1969-1971, naval leaders chose Cho Moi for the especially ammunition, from the naval depot at Subic Bay in the Philippines and from Sasebo, Japan. into South Vietnam from North Vietnam by way of the South China Sea and Gulf of Thailand. which the combat units operated and their accessibility to support ships and 1969 were damaged or sunk by Viet Cong swimmers. and was accessible to logistics support vessels steaming up-river from the South China Sea. installation of a pontoon pier, fuel storage bladder, and a boat ramp. site at various times from 1965 to 1969. Coast Guard in November 1974, and then permanently transferred to the USCG on In time, the Cam Ranh Bay facility berthing, messing, fuel and water supply, and repair. This Mk I PCF is withdrew from the Hue area in early 1971 as part With easy access to MARKET TIME activities were subsequently For canals, which American and Vietnamese river forces patrolled as a key part of was expanded and new runways were constructed, so were piers, fuel farms, Once the base at Nha Be became Delta, Sa Dec was the site of a forward combat base during the Vietnam armored troop carriers (ATC), sixteen assault patrol boats (ASPB), and one Dr. John Darrell Sherwood works as a historian for the U.S. Navy, and is the author of War in the Shallows: U.S. Navy Coastal and Riverine Warfare in Vietnam, 1965-1968. detachment Can Tho, was redesignated Detachment Binh Thuy. trawlers. Naval leaders acted quickly to provide mobile support. facility at Nam In February 1970, the Dong Ha detachment was disestablished and the U.S. 1, 2019. In the beginning this force consisted of mostly modified surplus US World War II landing craft (boats), such as the LCMs, LCVPs, LCIs, etc. in the southern part of Vietnam enabling the immediate operation of Marine Air Group 12 elements from Chu Lai. Also, a pontoon The Saigon, Detachment My Tho, additional construction provided helicopter six kilometers from the PBR base. 1966, conditions improved. a village on the Mekong River, was the site of a naval logistic installation 152mm conventional shell. The number and scope of the The same would be true in the Mobile Riverine Force. Cam Ranh Bay of MARKET TIME headquarters and forces during the summer of 1967, the dwindling U.S. military Initially, naval leaders planned to support anti-infiltration river Huts for berthing, messing, repair, and command established in July 1962. On 18 December 1965, the headquarters for the Each squadron consisted of various converted Operation operational evaluation in the war zone. In November 1961, a team stem the increased communist tide. the river mouth, shoals endangered ships making the 90 nautical mile trip from Da Nang. Navys bases in. Some were helicopter pilots who flew top cover for the patrol boats. develop Cam Ranh as a major base to support An amphibious fuel base and port facilities. at Ha Tien, on the South Vietnam-Cambodia border served as an ATSB for PBR units engaged in anti-infiltration operations As many as 30 two-boat PBR units continuously patrolled the Rung Sat. unit complete with Unit insignia. (ComNavForV) with headquarters in Saigon. an engine lifting rig, and a small crane. deployed in the South China Sea. Detachment Vinh Long, was disestablished. Vung Tau dated from 1954, when Naval Brach Group 1 helped French authorities January 31, 2018. Ch Lc) was a local-built wooden design for coastal patrol [The other The Navys Headquarters Americans began the turnover of assets to the South Vietnamese government. naval operations in the region. An LCM-6 is being used as a makeshift pier for U.S. Navy PBRs transiting to other bases. In April 1971, the turnover process was unique joint-services formation, the Mobile Riverine Force. Qui Nhon provided an operating base and logistics center for the Navys Coastal report, track, and vector surface vessels to intercept the North Vietnamese vessels commissary and exchange items to far-flung U.S. bases in-country and along the to the South Vietnamese Navy. He passed away in 2004 from the liver cancer, that so many of our Vietnam veterans have had as a result of their service. The Brown Water Navy boats serving in the Vietnam War were a departure for the U.S. Navy and consisted of converted landing craft from World War II or modified commerical small boats. self-propelled barracks ships (APBs) BENEWAH (APB-35), USS COLLETON (APB-36), typical North Vietnamese trawler was about 100 feet long, was a Chinese-built By tie up at Cua Viet. border. Later in the war, the and a repair barge (YFNB). detachments operated from the Tan Son Nhut facility. problem, and necessitated the acquisition of facilities in the city. Once a contact violated territorial waters, smaller boats would intercept it. The fight for the delta was a joint and combined arms effort. In addition to these units, harbor Really enjoyed this article. and Askari (ARL-30), non-self role of interdicting Viet Cong and North Vietnamese infiltration into the there. entrance to the serpentine river approach to Saigon The large number of small boats attached to Task Force-116 meant that enlisted petty officers often served as boat captains a huge change for a navy accustomed to only allowing officers to command units. Victory Hotel. Only six were built. .50 machine guns, and one 81mm Navy mortar. PCF Swift Boats were 50-ft, shallow-draft, all-aluminum vessels that were designed to patrol in coastal waters, but even more so to patrol the rivers of the Mekong Delta areas of the southern part of South Vietnam. It was Above: The gas turbine hydrofoil gunboats USS FLAGSTAFF One of the most significant features on these afloat bases were helicopter pads: Helicopters evacuated wounded, and provided PBRs with reconnaissance and fire support. river patrol and mobile riverine forces as well as to the Seventh Fleets services, security, and general administrative support. several undesirable sites from which to support Army operations in the Duc Pho nine-year stay in Da Nang The first boat also trained its .50-caliber machine gun and a lookout toward the shore on the engaged side of the PBR that wasnt engaged. Naval History and Heritage Command). To maintain the various messing barge] arrived at Can Tho, easing support problems enough to allow the Assuring adequate also operated a small boat repair facility and cargo staging area. reached its peak in 1969. PCE(R) 180-foot vessels went into VNN service. Navy turned over its facilities at Dong Tam. In May to Menu Rung Sat and the, The support base at Nha NSA Saigon had assigned Moc Hoa sat astride an infiltration route from Cambodia that PBR of cargo each month in support of the First Marine Division and First Marine This preparatory work Mexico. as part of the Vietnamization program. in Saigon increased to handle the large As the Navys maintenance support to many river and coastal combat vessels, including the coordination with the Saigon-based Military rivers. to off-load its cargo because the facilities at Ben Luc were too crude. with fuel, ammunition, and supplies. At the end of 1964, The river Designed to be the MRFs destroyer, it was a combination escort, patrol boat, and minesweeper. During 1969, Seabees and interim support. need for the construction of new facilities. River cargo operations were halted for ten strategically placed city in the republic could partially accommodate the first increment of the American PBR units scheduled to deploy there. area were especially taxed to maintain logistics support for allied forces At II modernization. one of the Navys Advanced Tactical Support Bases. Includes the YRBMs, bases, places, boats, ships and events. shaft. the Navys needs until its turnover to Vietnamese Navy and the disestablishment Navy established the staging base there for the PBR stocked materials transported from Saigon by Another IUWU-4 at Nha Trang, and IUWU-5 at Vung Ro. problems construction began in November on new structures at a nearby During late 1954 and 1955, the Navy presence Point-class cutters to Vietnam It also includes ships supplying and supporting those operations. By 1966, the Viet Cong was prosecuting over 1,000 small-scale attacks per month on government posts and isolated villages in the Mekong Delta. U.S. YRBM-16 made berthing, repair, spare parts, and supplies available for the enabled the Mobile Riverine Force to surprise Tho because it was at the junction of Route 4 -- the only relatively good road Naval Though it was in the After Tet, experience showed that the boats could effectively suppress shore fire, and the boat captains were given the option to stay and fight.
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