03. While the Census doesnt follow traditional Chicago neighborhood boundaries, areas of Englewood, Park Manor and Woodlawn have poverty rates above 60 percent. Since 1950, there have been 271 tornadoes recorded across . But the largest group of projects was the Street State corridor in the former Bronzeville Black Belt, which had a total of 7,938 units. Wayne Miller Three Teenagers in a Kitchenette Apartment, from the "Chicago's South Side" Series c.1946 Wayne Miller, Magnum Photography Great 1918-2013 Ave atque Vale. But when industrial employment dried up in the 1950s and '60s, it descended into poverty and crime. https://chicagology.com/wp-content/themes/revolution-20/century/194063rdhalsted.jpg. Those canopies were short-lived after the end of streetcar service, as buses eventually ran into them. (Wien-Criss Archive), CTA 4004 is on Western at 26th on June 7, 1956. Thank you. CTA PCC 4144 is southbound on Halsted. There are 223,867 residents in South Side Chicago, with a median age of 36. (Wien-Criss Archive), CTA 6142 at Clark and Archer on November 9, 1953, running Route 42 Halsted Downtown. Dates: 1936-2004. The River Tunnels From the Original Master Tapes They were in various neighborhood, suburbs. (Wien-Criss Archive), CTA 7039 is at Western and 71st on August 12, 1955. Poor neighborhoods were razed and replaced. Your email address will not be published. At one point, Chicago boasted the largest Irish population and the second-largest Polish population of any city in the world. 13. [/caption], RRC-OMTT (Wien-Criss Archive), An unidentified CTA red car is on Halsted at 63rd Street on September 16, 1953. (312 . (Wien-Criss Archive), CTA 153 is northbound at Halsted and Congress on October 5, 1953. Black communities protested, and the strife culminated in five days of violence that left thirty-eight deadtwenty-three Black and fifteen white Chicagoans. (Wien-Criss Archive), CTA 640 is running under the L on Halsted at 63rd Place on May 25, 1954. 10:36 (recorded May 3-7, 1958 line abandoned July 1958) Perhaps there was a parade on State Street that day (between 1939 and 1949 there was no State Street bridge, and this would have been the regular route for 36 then). (Wien-Criss Archive), CTA 7193 has three followers at Western and 69th on October 13, 1953. During the 1940s to 1960s, the second ghetto is driven with tensions over housing and the dynamics of neighborhood change due to the rapid growth of black community. With a location just south of the ever-expanding University of Chicago in Hyde Park, however . A community can be described as a collection of individuals who share a common location or trait.People who live in the same neighborhood, work at the same company, or attend the same school together are . Railroad Record Club Traction Rarities 1951-58 (The Census Bureau didn't begin to identify "non-Hispanic whites" as a separate category until 1980, when that group accounted for . National Archives Stateway Gardens, a housing project on Chicago's South Side, housed nearly 7,000 people in 1973. You can see the streetcar trackage reverting to street running headed south. At a beach near 29th Street, a white man began throwing rocks at Black boys who were swimming at a perceived whites-only beach, drowning seventeen-year-old Eugene Williams. Press ESC to cancel. African Americans were also denied access to white areas by means less violent, but no less destructive. Todays photos have two things in common. 8:40 Queens Plaza station, December 31, 1954 As a field interviewer I had to look for displaced residents from the projects. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. There were 300 Pullmans in all. Illinois Terminal: 4:56 Car 5706, January 16, 1954 Capital Transit: #536 is a companion picture from the street to #534. 5 . From speakeasies in the '20s to rooftop bars today, Chicago's seen a lot of wild nights. The African-American population in Chicago now makes up 25 percent of the city, but racial segregation is high, and much of the South and West sides have become densely populated, marginalized, low-income areas. I grew up on the South Side of Chicago in the 1950s and '60sliterally across the street from U.S. Steel. (Wien-Criss Archive). 04. Edition illustrated Looking back at Chicago in the 1960s and the racial tensions that divided Blacks and Whites, I decided to write a book about that experience. Length 128 pages 03. (Wien-Criss Archive), CTA 6154 is southbound at Halsted and Congress on October 5, 1953. Skilled workers and factory workers lost their jobs during the crisis. In the 1960s, the population of Chicago shrank dramatically. https://thetrolleydodger.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/pic530.jpg In the 1960s, for instance, the advent of "free love" took a significant bite out of the vice trade. In the 1960s, then-Mayor Richard J. Daleys administration began to address the dilapidated housing conditions of the citys poorest and signed off on the construction of 165 high-rises managed by the Chicago Housing Authority that would house mainly Black Chicagoans. 11. Sixty-three percent of the time, Black testers posing as potential renters holding CHA Housing Choice Vouchers experienced some form of discrimination. Residents enjoy close access to several major shopping destinations, particularly the 87th Street Center and the diverse selection of shops and restaurants along Cottage Grove Avenue. 1960. Amazing! Where to begin? To reach Englewood, this bus line ran east on 95th to Vincennes, north to 87th, west to Morgan, north to 63rd, then east to the Englewood L. A few years later, the CHA placed a light-skinned Black woman named Betty Howard in the previously all-white Trumbull Park Homes. Two laws in 1947, the Blighted Areas Redevelopment Act and the Relocation Act, helped create the Chicago Land Clearance Commission, enabling the City to raze areas that it deemed blighted without regard for who it would displace. You can hear our 19-minute conversation here. Under the Plan for Transformation, the City began to knock down the projects one by one like dominos. While in the South Side Chicago hoods along 83rd, 87th, and 95th streets the Black P. Stones have had a dominant presence since the 1970s. IND Subway (New York City): Last Run of the Hagerstown & Frederick: Black residents did not enjoy the same geographic freedom. Jimmy Emery from Chicago Heights was particularly involved, as written in the preceding article. The bulk of the items are from the 1920s-1950s. For a few months, Madison-Fifth continued as a shuttle operation between Madison and Pulaski, using older red streetcars. 4:53 Engine whistle signals, loco #12, January 17, 1954 The South Side experienced a population shift during the move to suburbs following World War II. 7113 crossing back to the right-hand track would have involved the same procedure unless there was a common, wired, trailing crossover a couple of blocks further. 4:35 August 27, 1954 Extending trolly lines is much easier and economical than L tracks. Many immigrants were fleeing poverty and war, with many others coming to Chicago in pursuit of economic prosperity. Note the circa 1953 Cadillac at left. (Wien-Criss Archive), Riverview Park at Western and Roscoe on June 10, 1956. (Wien-Criss Archive), CTA 7012 at Western and Congress, crossing over the new expressway, on June 11, 1956. Andre Kristopans says it is Crossing under CNW and PRR at Rockwell. (2) As can be seen from each side of the street in this photo, Western Ave. was auto dealer row for a mile or so to either side of 63rd St. https://thetrolleydodger.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/pic555.jpg Photo 530 is at the south end of the Vincennes Ave. private right-of-way segment at the 10800 block of Vincennes (108th St. did not go through to Vincennes, there were no intersections along Vincennes between 107th St. and 109th St.). During the 1950's, the time that the Younger family was living in Chicago, whites and blacks were living completely separate lives and a majority of the blacks were living in poverty. (Wien-Criss Archive), CTA prewar PCC 4008 is at Cottage Grove and 115th, south end of Route 4. It is very unlikely that he will ever be able to recoup his investment, but we support his efforts at preserving this important history, and sharing it with railfans everywhere. Puerto Rican people are the second-largest Latinx group in Chicago. The light green paint originally used on these cars faded badly and was hard to match. Altoona & Logan Valley: Prior to its more official naming, the media referred to the Bronzeville neighborhood and adjacent areas using derisive names such as the "Black Belt," "Black Ghetto," and even more appalling names such as "Darkie Town." One comment, the photo of CTA 687 is at Division and Crosby, not Larrabee. On the northeast corner, the 1933 art deco Sears store building with its tenant, the Hillmans Pure Foods grocery store are partially obscured by the Arthur Murray sign and the one in back of it. Racially restrictive covenants were also common in the Chicago area, as in the rest of the country. 05. (Wien-Criss Archive), CTA 7042, in the distance, is about to clear a temporary switch so that the car on the right can cross over to that side during track work. It grew to encompass the State Street, Dearborn-Milwaukee, and West Side Subways, with the latter modernizing the old Garfield Park L into the median of Chicagos first expressway. The New York Times - August 2, 1964. 4:17 Car 306 (ex-AE&FRE), September 27, 1953 Through the citys use of eminent domain, much of that neighborhood, which included Black, Italian, Greek, and Jewish residents, was razed in the 1960s for the construction of the Dan Ryan Expressway and the development of the University of Illinois Chicago Circle Campus. The Union Stock Yard finally closed its doors on August 1, 1971, after nearly 106 years of operation. Cincinnati Street Railway: 10. (Wien-Criss Archive). Another 537 were injured, more than half of whom were Black. Notice By the mid-1970s, Kenwood and Hyde Park were the only South Side neighborhood with large Jewish . 06. By the 1960s, Black residents had moved into "grade B" (blue) communities in the South Side, such as Roseland and Beverly. Why does every recent description and photo caption of the segment of the Cottage Grove line south of 95th St. talk about it paralleling the Metra Electric? (Wien-Criss Archive), CTA 601 at Halsted, Grand, and Milwaukee on May 17, 1954. During street car years, the Illinois Central RR owned the entire embankment. Why not mention that the Panama Ltd and the City of Miami operated there on the tracks nearest to Cottage Grove; not to mention IC freight activity and such trackage rights New York Central trains as the James Whitcomb Riley and the Twilight Ltd? The DNAinfo archives brought to you by WNYC.Read the press release here. A 2017 study by the Metropolitan Planning Council and the Urban Institute looked at Latinx/white segregation, finding considerable disparities in educational attainment, upward mobility, and generational wealth between these groups. At this time, the temporary Van Buren trackage was still under construction, and this picture was taken from the Garfield Park L station, then still in use. Capital Transit: Is BCD Travel a good company to work for. Google view shows the approximate location from which #536 was taken. 10. Through a century of discriminatory strategies from the City and the real estate industry, in addition to antiquated attitudes toward Black residents and people of color, Chicago continues to be a city of neighborhoodshighly segregated neighborhoods. Many of the photos show the same area from a number of different angles, giving a snapshot early transportation worked and everyday life through a look at businesses, fashion, architecture and more. Images of America Between 1950 and 1960, most white residents in Chicago's south side Woodlawn neighborhood fled as poor blacks moved in. Shaker Heights Rapid Transit: Altoona & Logan Valley/Johnstown Traction: 07. For more neighborhood news, listen to DNAinfo Radio here. These were stipulations written into deeds of sale that prohibited Black residents and non-whites from buying, leasing, or inhabiting property in a determined parcel. . History. 4:00 Master Unit car #74, August 8, 1953 2008- University of Michigan launch a study Moving Towards Opportunity. https://www.google.com/maps/@41.7788385,-87.6447587,3a,75y,3.14h,91.82t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1sYcGafc7OK9fQ0w712doa2A!2e0!7i16384!8i8192, 63rd and Halsted in 1939 when this Sears store was 6 years old. To the left, is an embankment where Illinois Central commuter trains (now Metra Electric) ran. The significance that play takes place on the South Side of Chicago in the 1950s because families like the Youngers experienced segregation from the white community.. What is the community? (Wien-Criss Archive), CTA 7156, sporting unusual yellow numbers, is on Western at Van Buren on August 13, 1954. The South Side is the area of Chicago lying south of the citys large Downtown area. (Wien-Criss Archive), CTA PCC 4201, operating on Route 36 Broadway-State, has apparently been diverted from State Street, possibly due to a parade, and is northbound on Dearborn at Lake Street. (Wien-Criss Archive), CTA 7240 is at 69th and Morgan on October 25, 1954. The streetcar in the photo is headed northbound, with the Rock Island Main Line to its right and Vincennes Ave to its left. Chicago, Illinois, December 17, 1938 Secretary Harold Ickes, left, and Mayor Edward J. Kelly turn the first spadeful of earth to start the new $40,000,000 subway project. Although the show is set in Chicagos Back of the Yards neighborhood, the house used for filming is actually located in the citys North Lawndale neighborhood. (Wien-Criss Archive), CTA 5248 at Vincennes and 105th on November 27, 1949. 3:32 Box motor #5, May 24, 1953 A few include: the first Black President, Barack Obama and former first lady Michelle Obama, the first Black female Senator, Carol Moseley Braun, and the first Black presidential candidate to win a primary, Jesse Jackson. John White/U.S. Another treasure trove of photos thanks to the Wien-Criss Archive. Dr. Martin Luther Kings visit to Chicago during the Freedom Movement campaign for fair housing made headlines in 1966. The southeast corner building was nondescript, although at one point it was a Stineway drug store. Here are some shots around Illinois during the 1950s. Coverage spans 1839-1928 but no directories are available for 1840-1842, 1918-1922, and 1924-1927. An Irish mainstay, Kelly's is one of the oldest family-owned pubs in Chicago, opening just after Prohibition was repealed and the alcohol flowed freely again. Another clue that helps pinpoint the date is the light lettering on dark background seen on license plates in this image. These 10 Photos of Illinois In The 1950s Are Mesmerizing Let's take a look back at some of the golden years of Illinois. With all the different types of people Chicago attracted at this time, the entertainment industry became a powerful force to be reckoned with. (Wien-Criss Archive), CTA 4238 is southbound on Wabash, crossing the Chicago River. https://thetrolleydodger.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/pic512.jpg, https://thetrolleydodger.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/pic530.jpg, https://thetrolleydodger.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/pic534.jpg, https://thetrolleydodger.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/pic535.jpg, https://thetrolleydodger.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/pic544.jpg, https://thetrolleydodger.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/pic555.jpg, https://thetrolleydodger.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/pic558.jpg, https://thetrolleydodger.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/pic556.jpg, https://thetrolleydodger.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/pic566.jpg, https://thetrolleydodger.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/pic568.jpg, https://www.google.com/maps/@41.7788385,-87.6447587,3a,75y,3.14h,91.82t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1sYcGafc7OK9fQ0w712doa2A!2e0!7i16384!8i8192, https://chicagology.com/wp-content/themes/revolution-20/century/194063rdhalsted.jpg. Includes both Electroliners, standard cars, and locomotives. In the mid-1950's Chicago suffered its first post industrial crisis as the major meatpacking companies began to close their production facilities. For Shipping Elsewhere: (Wien-Criss Archive), CTA 4227 is on the turnback loop at Clark and Howard, the north end of Route 22. Chicago Skyline Downtown Chicago Chicago Restaurants Chicago Illinois Chicago Area Chicago City White Castle Restaurant White Castle Hamburgers South Side Chicago 16:26 sounds recorded on board a PCC (early 1950s) Most famously, the Clarks were a middle-class Black Chicago family that in 1951 attempted to move into a Cicero apartment, but couldnt last a day after thousands of white protesters set their belongings and the whole property on fire. 08. The Last Street Railway 1954 The car at right has a 1953 Illinois license plate, but when this picture was taken, Dearborn was still a two-way street, meaning it is prior to November 16. At the end of Shameless, Lip has decided to sell the Gallagher house for a mere $75,000 a far cry from the $250,000 he was offered by a developer before he pushed too hard and lost that deal. The developments were primarily clustered into six groups in addition to scattered sites with low-rise buildings and row houses. Photo 537 I believe shows a detouring Halsted car turning off of Division st. onto Crosby St., not Larabee. Here we see the curved track from 63rd place along with the nicely highlighted companion overhead wire. The University of Illinois at Chicago's digital photo collections . One of my enduring childhood memories, growing up in the 1970s and 1980s on Chicago's South Side, was something I called the "boundary." But this must be a reroute, since it is definitely after 1949 (the car has advertising on the side) and its running Route 36 Broadway-State. My Auntie Stell and her co-workers, Chicago. 07. . 4 Board of Trustees/Directors minutes May 1952-Oct 1956 draft copy. Chicagos first rapid transit subway opened in 1943 after decades of wrangling over routes, financing, and logistics. This meant that what was once the Black Belt saw many of their upwardly mobile residents leave public housing and the immediate area. One day I got off at Damen and walked under the tracks to see where they went. Note the difference in fonts used for the numbers. At this stage, it appears the Western Avenue bridge over the Congress Expressway was not yet finished, as the streetcar (and auto traffic) are using a shoo-fly. If the station was open, there would be a sign advertising this, similar to ones seen in some of the other pictures in this post. While the Gallaghers are said to live on Wallace Street, the house is actually located on Homan Avenue. As he led a march through Marquette Park on the Southwest Side, he was attacked with bricks by a racist white mob. Later, this hotbed of activity attracted rural migrant workers from places such as Mexico, Puerto Rico, and the southern United Statesfrom which racist discrimination and violence drove more than 500,000 Black Americans to Chicago. Nowadays, transit agencies have style manuals, used to maintain consistency, but such was not the case in the early 1950s. (Wien-Criss Archive), CTA PCCs 4103 and 4076 pass each other while crossing the Chicago River on Madison Street. Between 1950 and 1960 Chicago's population shrank for the first time in its history, as factory jobs leveled off and people moved to the suburbs. In 1979 there were still 10,000 employees at the plant, which was a 50% reduction, but starting in 1980 thousands more were left unemployed. The streetcars shown here were Western Ave. cars, running east on 69th St. to get to the Vincennes / 77th St. barn. #535 looks north on Halsted from the L station, this was the main crossroads of the Englewood shopping district. 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