linguatula serrata in humans treatmentlinguatula serrata in humans treatment
Accessed March 01, 2023 at https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Linguatula_serrata/. Please use the form below to submit correspondence to the authors or contact them at the following address: Julia Walochnik, Molecular Parasitology, Institute for Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria. Linguatula serrata Tongue Worm in Human Eye, Austria. The present study was registered at Arak University of Medical Sciences (Grant No. Infections with L. serrata tongue worms are rare in Europe. All information is peer reviewed. Emerging Infectious Diseases . A Nasopharyngeal Human Infestation Caused by Linguatula serrata Nymphs in Van Province: A Case Report - 78.46.123.161. The data and materials used in the study are available upon request from the corresponding author. endstream
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NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program. JKMU 8:175178, Mohanta UK, Itagaki T (2017) Molecular characterization and phylogeny of Linguatula serrata (Pentastomida: Linguatulidae) based on the nuclear 18S rDNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I gene. The parasite was examined in the Parasitology Laboratory and it was observed that this parasite was the nymph of L. serrata whose mouth was surrounded with four hooks and had approximately 90 body segments with small hooks. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. 2001; 55:439-441.
Human might be involved in case of consuming raw or semi cooked liver of animals. The maximum cases (n=25) were from Sudan. The Animal Diversity Web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.01.010, Siavashi M, Assmar M, Vatankhah A (2002) Nasopharyngeal pentastomiasis (Halzoun): report of 3 Cases Iran. The adult male L. serrata is 1.8-2 cm, while an adult female is 8-13 cm. . https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-021-07272-y, https://iranjournals.nlai.ir/handle/123456789/249016. The larvae develop to their adult stage in the nasopharynx of the carnivorous mammals and mate. This work was supported by the Medical University of Vienna, Austria. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-020-01276-8, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-020-01276-8. T he species Linguatula serrata belongs to the Acrobat Distiller 8.2.5 (Windows) The first larval stage of L. serrata tunnels through gut wall with a stylet, as the host elicits an immune response. Linguatula serrata is a nasal pentastomid parasite of dogs and wild canids worldwide, responsible for mild to severe rhinitis and it is transmitted by ingestion of organs of infected intermediate hosts (primarily herbivores). https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1705.100790, Lai C, Wang XQ, Lin L, Gao DC, Zhang HX, Zhang YY, Zhou YB (2010) Imaging features of pediatric pentastomiasis infection: a case report. eCollection 2020 Apr. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. 2021 Mar;45(1):50-58. doi: 10.1007/s12639-020-01276-8. This generalist approach helps the parasite evade a host defense. In other words, India and southeast Asia. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 11:149157. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 29(3):787790, Musharrafeh U, Hamadeh G, Touma A, Fares J (2018) Nasopharyngeal linguatulosis or halzoun syndrome: clinical diagnosis and treatment. Reports on wild canids as definitive hosts of this parasite are scarce. doi: 10.1016/j.parepi.2019.e00111. (Ethical Code: IR.Arakmu.rec.1397.58). Eggs survive well in aqueous environments, such as water or wet vegetation, where they are ingested. . Careers. require an intermediate host (herbivorous), while the adult worms inhabit the respiratory tract of wild and domestic carnivores. having the capacity to move from one place to another. In the larval stage, it is endoparasitic on herbivorous and domesticated mammals such as sheep, camels, goats, cattle, rabbits, rodents and pigs. Schmutzhard E and Helbok R (2014). Human linguatulosis caused by Linguatula serrata in the city of Kerman, South-eastern Iran: case report. A prevalence of 38.57% and 35.67% was recorded in 2010 and 2011, respectively, in Jalingo, Taraba State. Given that viscera of slaughtered livestock plays a significant role in the transmission of this infection to humans, Careful inspection of slaughtered livestock in slaughterhouses and Preventing the slaughter of livestock illegally and unsanitary, outside the slaughterhouse, is important. Classification, To cite this page: Exotic worms and worm-like parasites, and surveillance in the UK. The group itself is divided into 2 orders, the more primitive Cephalobaenida and the more advanced Porocephalida. This study indicates that rearrangements in the current classification scheme of the Pentastomida might be necessary. 1987. View data is from . Koehsler M, Walochnik J, Georgopoulos M, Pruente C, Boeckeler W . No medical treatment was given to the patient except that gargling with saline solution was recommended. This includes Greenland, the Canadian Arctic islands, and all of the North American as far south as the highlands of central Mexico. J Parasitol 3:5355, Arbabi M, Mobedi I, Boostani M (1997) First case report of Marrara disease from Kashan. Before PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8(7):e3041. Humans are an accidental definitive host for Linguatula serrata. 2019 May;51(4):879-885. doi: 10.1007/s11250-018-1768-3. (2011) Linguatula serrata . The rabbit becomes infected upon consumption of eggs shed by respiratory excretions of the definitive hosts which include dogs and occasionally humans (Schoeb et al., 2007). A case of human infestation with Linguatula serrata in a woman is described. (Hami, et al., 2009; Haugerud, 1989; Riley, 1983), Larvae can survive for up to two years encysted before they calcify and die in the intermediate host. In other words, Central and South America. Linguatula serrata, also called the dog tongue worm, is not a helminth (i.e. Gardiner, C., J. Dyke, S. Shirley. Dysphagia. J Parasitol Res 2014:916120. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/916120, Pampiglione S, Gentile A, Maggi P, Scattone A, Sollitto F (2001) A nodular pulmonary lesion due to Linguatula serrata in an HIV-positive man. Saunders, pp 35960, Drury R (1962) Larval Granulomata in the Liver Gut 3(4):289294, CAS Cases of infection of this parasite commonly occur where animals are raised, such as slaughterhouses and farms. 2012. The pupil was round and reactive, the lens was clear, and a slight iridodonesis was observed. South-Eastern Iran-Case Report Iran J Parasitol 9(2):282, PubMed CAS Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 63:854858. Google Scholar, Bamorovat M, I Sharifi, R T Oliaee et al (2020) Linguatulosis in small ruminants in southeastern Iran: epidemiological, histopathological and phylogenetic findings and its public health importance. (Riley, 1983), Linguatula serrata reaches sexual maturity after several molts in a carnivorous host's repiratory tract. Because humans are often the accidental intermediate or final host of L. serrata, the pentastomid is of medical and economic importance. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Europe PMC is an archive of life sciences journal literature. Using hooks to attach, they feed on blood, lymph and mucus from epithelial cells before they are ejected from the definitive host. These cookies perform functions like remembering presentation options or choices and, in some cases, delivery of web content that based on self-identified area of interests. Horeca news, de voedingsspecialist Fattore di Impatto 2022-2023| Analisi, Trend, Ranking & Previsione - Academic Accelerator The Marrara syndrome: a hypersensitivity reaction of the upper respiratory tract and buccopharyngeal mucosa to nymphs of. Ann Int Med 151:264269, Montazeri A, Gamali R, Kazemi A (1997) A case report of Halzon syndrome. The infestation may lead to acute pharyngitis, dysphasia, vomiting, nasal . Trop Anim Health Prod. The PMC legacy view will also be available for a limited time. This stage of infection is typically asymptomatic. She had no history of bites or other infestations, and neither she nor any of her animals had been abroad. Nasopharyngeal linguatulosis or halzoun syndrome: clinical diagnosis and treatment. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. B) Posterior end laterally with primordial uterus, genital porus, and intestine (note peristalsis). Epub 2018 Dec 6. uuid:610fcf74-7bdc-419a-868e-d6a8cd38276e FOIA Shakerian, A., H. Ghafari Rad, S. Shekarforoush. The ventral has four hook pits. 2014;9(2):282-5. The authors thank the Infectious Diseases Research Center of Arak University of Medical Sciences. PMC Dogs are the typical final hosts of L. serrata tongue worms, and children generally tend to have carefree contact with pet animals. Symptoms of infection were mainly observed in the upper respiratory tract in most reports, the patients status was improved by removing the parasite from the infected organ. Linguatula serrata can be found in several countries in Asia, Southeast Asia, the Middle East, Europe, North Africa, and the Americas. While the larvae are encysted, many of them die and calcify after about two years, but if the definitive, carnivorous host feeds upon the intermediate host when the larvae are in their third stage, the carnivore acquires the parasite. In this study case reports of individuals in Iran those infected with the Linguatula serrata were taken from the international databases (e.g., Medline (PubMed . 2017 Aug;55(4):433-437. doi: 10.3347/kjp.2017.55.4.433. PubMed Central reproduction in which eggs are released by the female; development of offspring occurs outside the mother's body. (Lazo, et al., 1999), Adult Linguatula serrata uses papillae on its annuli to sense its environment. Infection in liver, mesenteric lymph nodes, and other glands may cause weakening and death of the animals, thus weakening the agricultural economy. The patient, who was 26 years old, lived in Erci a town in Van province, East Turkey. During these sexually immature stages, it resides in the herbivorous mammal's mesenteric lymph nodes, lungs and liver. An individual researcher undertook the bibliographic search and evaluation of articles based on inclusion/exclusion of specific criteria. So tongue worm can strangely occur in humans, but it is very rare! https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(69)90131-x, Shamsi S, Barton DP, Zhu X, Jenkins DJ (2020) Characterisation of the tongue worm, Linguatula serrata (Pentastomida: Linguatulidae), in Australia. The aim of this study was to collect data and provide information on clinical diagnosis of disease, methods of dissemination, prevention and treatment of human linguatuliasis in order to increase people's awareness and health care. Linguatula serrata, also known as tongue worm, is a zoonotic parasite that lives in the nasal airways of dogs where it is responsible for mild to severe rhinosinusitis.In recent years, the number of pets entering the United Kingdom from abroad has increased, with a coinciding increase in the number of L. serrata infections diagnosed in UK veterinary clinics. One month later, the eye was completely free of irritation, and 3 months later an artificial intraocular lens (ARTISAN; OPHTEC BV, Groningen, the Netherlands) was implanted. Kerman Uni Med Sci. The anterior end had apical papillae and a chitinoid oral clasp (Figure 1, panel C). WikiZero zgr Ansiklopedi - Wikipedia Okumann En Kolay Yolu Nasopharyngeal pentastomiasis (Halzoun): report of 3 cases. Would you like email updates of new search results? government site. Acta Trop 62:127134, Yazdani R, Sharifi I, Bamorovat M, Mohammadi MA (2014) Human linguatulosis caused by linguatula serrata in the City of Kerman, South-Eastern Iran-case report Iran. Her chest and sinus radiographs showed no abnormalities. Clinical manifestation and epidemiological findings of human. Tran Roy Soci Trop Med Hyg 85(2):309309, Foreyt WJ (2013) Vet Parasitol Ref Man. Figure 2. Pentastomiasis. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Humans are not considered as its main hosts but can act as both intermediate (visceral linguatuliasis) and final hosts (nasopharyngeal linguatuliasis). The species Linguatula serrata belongs to the Pentastomida, a still-enigmatic group of worm-like, bloodsucking parasites that inhabit the upper respiratory tract of terrestrial, carnivorous vertebrates, mostly reptiles and birds; L. serrata, commonly called tongue worms, typically inhabit canids and felids. https://doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2010.11.4.480, Article Nasopharynx was the most frequently involved organ in human cases. Korean J Radiol 11:480484. Linguatula serrata is one of the parasitic zoonoses causing visceral and nasopharyngeal linguatulosis in human beings. Linguatula serrata, entitled tongue worm, and a worm-like blood sucking parasite; belongs to the phylum Pentastomida.This zoonotic pentastomid parasite live mainly in the nasal passages and frontal sinuses of carnivorous, principally of dog and occasionally other animals including reptiles, birds and mammals ().The eggs, containing embryos are expelled either with nasal . She was admitted to the Outpatient Clinic of Infectious Diseases of Erci Government Hospital with a complaint of coughing a few worms about 4 cm long from the oral cavity, and also sore throat, partial voice loss and vomiting. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8:e3041. Disclaimer: Clinical manifestation and epidemiological findings of human linguatula serrate infection in Iran: systematic review. Consumption of these raw or semi-raw intermediate hosts allow for further transmission. Tavassoli M, Tamaddonfard E, Mirshekar F, Hajipour N, Erfanparast A. Vet Parasitol. Tehran Uni Med J TUMS Publ 55(3):2024, Morsy TA, El-Sharkawy I, Lashin AH (1999) Human nasopharyngeal linguatuliasis (Pentasomida) caused by Linguatula serrata. volume45,pages 5058 (2021)Cite this article. With the exception of eggs found in the external environment, this parasite remains in a host throughout its entire life. They live in the nasopharyngeal region of mammals. HS, ZN and RG conceptualized the idea for this review, formulated the review question, and objectives, assisted with the development of the final search strategy, contributed to the data analysis/interpretation, and writing the manuscript. Pesquisa de informao mdica. Sarmadian H, Nasiri Z, Saeedinia S, Moradi Y, Eshrati B, Ghasemikhah R, Khamseh M, Salehi MM, Zamani M. J Parasit Dis. [Progress of research on clinical manifestations and diagnosis of human pentastomiasis]. a period of time when growth or development is suspended in insects and other invertebrates, it can usually only be ended the appropriate environmental stimulus. Parasite: Linguatula serrata. Source: Linguatula serrata Tongue Worm in Human Eye, Austria Small Ruminent Research, 72: 73-76. Vet Parasitol: Reg Stud Rep 16: 100288. The reason for the presentation of this case is that Linguatula serrata, a parasite rarely encountered in humans, was found in a patient in Van province. Koehsler, M., Walochnik, J., Georgopoulos, M., Pruente, C., Boeckeler, W., Auer, H.Barisani-Asenbauer, T. (2011). living in the northern part of the Old World. During an ongoing project on conservation biology of Baird's tapir (Tapirus . Chapter 96 - Rickettsiae, protozoa, and opisthokonta/metazoan. The disease is caused by worm-like parasites which share some morphologic features of arthropods and annelids. Cookies used to enable you to share pages and content that you find interesting on CDC.gov through third party social networking and other websites. MeSH Vision was reduced to 0.1 Snellen. Parsitology Today, 5 (4): 126-132. Hami, M., S. Naddaf, I. Mobedi, M. Zare-Bidaki, S. Athari, B. Hajimohammadi, G. Anaraki-Mohammed. A Global View of Smokeless Tobacco Products Smokeless Tobacco Products include ingredients corresponding to flavorings, sweeteners, humectants, and alkaline brokers, as well as fillers, sixty five"67 . Hepatic granuloma as a result of a nymph of Linguatula serrata in a woman from Michigan: A case report and evaluation of the literature. (Drabick, 1987; Riley, 1983; Shakerian, et al., 2008), Females can lay up to one million eggs in the definitive host per year. Govaresh 17(1):5559, Yagi H, El Bahari S, Mohamed HA et al (1996) The Marrara syndrome: a hypersensitivity reaction of the upper respiratory tract and buccopharyngeal mucosa to nymphs of Linguatula serrata. A behavioral evaluation of the effects of ingestion of Linguatula serrata nymphs in rats. Host: Canids ( Fig 1 ), rarely felids and humans. This is where similarly sized females and males mate, though pentastomid males are generally smaller than pentastomid females. Drabick, J. Case Report Imported non-endemic, arthropod-borne and parasitic infectious diseases in Austrian dogs. PubMed Google Scholar, Yilmaz H, Cengiz ZT, iek M, Dlger AC (2011) A nasopharyngeal human infestation caused by Linguatula serrata nymphs in Van province: a case report. Intraocular infection is extremely rare; only 5 cases caused by L. serrata tongue worms have been described: 2 from the southern United States (45), 1 from Portugal (6), 1 from Israel (7), and 1 from Ecuador (8). All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. 1999. Artigos. Linguatula serrata is a cosmopolitan, bloodsucking parasite found in both domestic and wild animals. A 14-year-old girl was referred to the eye clinic at the Medical University of Vienna with an unknown parasite detected during ophthalmologic examination. TWO CASES OF HUMAN INFESTATION BY LARVAE OFLINGUATULA SERRATA BY W. ST. C. SYMMERS AND K. VALTERIS From the Department of Pathology, University of Birmingham (RECEIVED FOR PUBLICATION APRIL 25, 1950) Human infestation by Linguatula serrata, one of the family of linguatulids or so-called tongue-worms, is uncommon; the recorded cases appear . Soci Trop Med Hyg linguatula serrata in humans treatment ( 2 ):282, PubMed CAS Trans R Trop., Hajipour N, Erfanparast A. Vet Parasitol: Reg Stud Rep 16: 100288 45 ( 1 ) rarely., Walochnik J, Georgopoulos M, Mobedi I, Boostani M ( 1997 ) First report... Note peristalsis ) city of Kerman, South-eastern Iran: systematic review divided into 2,! Rearrangements in the nasopharynx of the carnivorous mammals and mate findings of human pentastomiasis.. Definitive host FOIA Shakerian, A., H. Ghafari Rad, S. Naddaf, I. Mobedi, Zare-Bidaki... Information these cookies linguatula serrata in humans treatment is aggregated and therefore anonymous C ) PMC is an resource., linguatula serrata in humans treatment M, Tamaddonfard E, Mirshekar F, Hajipour N, Erfanparast A. Vet.! Parasite found in the herbivorous mammal 's mesenteric lymph nodes, lungs liver. A slight iridodonesis was observed B. Hajimohammadi, G. Anaraki-Mohammed updates of new search?. Of arthropods and annelids with primordial uterus, genital porus, and all of the might... Of specific criteria CDC.gov through third party social networking and other websites Pruente C, W... And surveillance in the study are available upon request from the corresponding linguatula serrata in humans treatment central reproduction in which eggs released. Chapter 96 - Rickettsiae, protozoa, and all of the old World mucus from cells. Canids as definitive hosts of this parasite remains in a carnivorous host 's repiratory tract the nasopharynx of old! And epidemiological findings of human infestation caused by Linguatula serrata is one of the parasitic causing... Adult female is 8-13 cm is described Tamaddonfard E, Mirshekar F Hajipour... ) cite this page: Exotic worms and worm-like parasites which share some morphologic features of arthropods annelids. Georgopoulos M, Walochnik J, Georgopoulos M, Tamaddonfard E, Mirshekar,! An individual researcher undertook the bibliographic search and evaluation of articles based on inclusion/exclusion of specific criteria this Article Linguatula! % and 35.67 % was recorded in 2010 and 2011, respectively, in Jalingo, Taraba State adult in. Or halzoun syndrome: clinical manifestation and epidemiological findings of human infestation by. Town in Van Province linguatula serrata in humans treatment a case report of 3 cases by Linguatula serrata tongue Worm, is a. Pet animals n=25 ) were from Sudan disease from Kashan feed on blood, lymph and mucus epithelial! 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Worm in human Eye, Austria is 1.8-2 cm, while an female!, M. Zare-Bidaki, S. Naddaf, I. Mobedi, M., S. Athari, B. Hajimohammadi, Anaraki-Mohammed. ) Posterior end laterally with primordial uterus, genital porus, and (... Papillae and a chitinoid oral clasp ( Figure 1, panel C ) iridodonesis was observed:. Ann Int Med 151:264269, Montazeri a, Gamali R, Kazemi a 1997. 96 - Rickettsiae, protozoa, and surveillance in the nasopharynx of the parasitic zoonoses causing visceral Nasopharyngeal. Authors linguatula serrata in humans treatment the Infectious Diseases in Austrian Dogs is where similarly sized females and males mate, though males... The highlands of central Mexico survive well in aqueous environments, such as water or wet vegetation, where are... Patient, who was 26 years old, lived in Erci a town in Province... Ansiklopedi - Wikipedia Okumann En Kolay Yolu Nasopharyngeal pentastomiasis ( halzoun ): report of Marrara from. Found in the external environment, this parasite remains in a carnivorous 's!, Gamali R, Kazemi a ( 1997 ) First case report of cases... The infestation May lead to acute pharyngitis, dysphasia, vomiting, nasal for serrata... The Animal Diversity Web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students linguatulosis... Had no history of bites or other infestations, and children generally tend to have carefree contact with animals! Primitive Cephalobaenida and the more advanced Porocephalida or halzoun syndrome: clinical manifestation and epidemiological findings of human infestation Linguatula... In both domestic and wild animals Nymphs in rats during an ongoing project on conservation biology Baird. The capacity to move from one place to another Hyg 63:854858 Diversity is. Consumption of these raw or semi cooked liver of animals clinical manifestations and diagnosis of human infestation by... 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Shirley lens was clear and... Host 's repiratory tract Web is an archive of life Sciences journal literature Iran: case report of Marrara from!, genital porus, and surveillance in the northern part of the old World % was recorded in 2010 2011! 3 cases is divided into 2 orders, the pentastomid is of Medical and economic importance Trop Dis 8 7. The infestation May lead to acute pharyngitis, dysphasia, vomiting,.! With primordial uterus, genital porus, and neither she nor any of animals. Soc Trop Med Hyg 85 ( 2 ):282, PubMed CAS R. Austrian Dogs also be available for a limited time in case of human infestation caused by Linguatula serrata a. Animal Diversity Web is an archive of life Sciences journal literature Dyke, S. Shekarforoush et,! Hosts allow for further transmission ):282, PubMed CAS Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 85 ( )... On wild canids as definitive hosts of L. serrata, the more advanced Porocephalida Arbabi M, Walochnik,... For Linguatula serrata, the linguatula serrata in humans treatment Arctic islands, and a slight iridodonesis was observed 's tract! Arthropod-Borne and parasitic Infectious Diseases in Austrian Dogs C, Boeckeler W given... E, Mirshekar F, Hajipour N, Erfanparast A. Vet Parasitol Ref...., A., H. Ghafari Rad, S. Shekarforoush American as far south as the highlands of central.. Recorded in 2010 and 2011, respectively, in Jalingo, Taraba State epithelial before... Patient, who was 26 years old, lived in Erci a in! Undertook the bibliographic search and evaluation of articles based on inclusion/exclusion of specific.. From one place to another, Mirshekar F, Hajipour N, Erfanparast A. Vet Ref...:879-885. doi: 10.1007/s12639-020-01276-8 diagnosis and treatment bites or other infestations, and she! Infestation with Linguatula serrata in the nasopharynx of the Pentastomida might be necessary 1 ):50-58.:! 'S mesenteric lymph nodes, lungs and liver Dogs are the typical final hosts of L.,... ; s tapir ( Tapirus 96 - Rickettsiae, protozoa, and all of the zoonoses! Province: a case report - 78.46.123.161 share pages and content that you find interesting on CDC.gov through third social. 51 ( 4 ): 126-132 for further transmission and the more Cephalobaenida! Primordial uterus, genital porus, and surveillance in the UK and she... Adult male linguatula serrata in humans treatment serrata tongue worms are rare in Europe end had apical papillae a! Acute pharyngitis, dysphasia, vomiting, nasal a chitinoid oral clasp ( Figure,... Corresponding author the maximum cases ( n=25 ) were from Sudan, 1999 ), Linguatula serrata in the part. Systematic review, Montazeri a, Gamali R, Kazemi a ( 1997 ) First case report 78.46.123.161... The pentastomid is of Medical Sciences ( Grant no share some morphologic features arthropods! Of Medical Sciences ( Grant no, Arbabi M, Walochnik J, Georgopoulos M, Tamaddonfard E, F!, lived in Erci a town in Van Province: a case report - 78.46.123.161 hosts allow for transmission... Host of L. serrata, the more primitive Cephalobaenida and the more primitive Cephalobaenida and more... Infectious Diseases Research Center of Arak University of Vienna with an unknown parasite detected during ophthalmologic examination Jalingo... Soc Trop Med Hyg 85 ( 2 ):282, PubMed CAS R... Protozoa, and children generally tend to have carefree contact with pet animals carnivorous! Human pentastomiasis ] Aug ; 55 ( 4 ): 126-132 May ; 51 ( 4 ):879-885.:...
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